Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS: Sphenoid Sinusotomy)

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) may be considered following specialist evaluation when chronic sphenoid sinusitis is recurrent despite standard medication and irrigation, or when imaging suggests obstruction of the sphenoid sinus drainage pathway. The decision typically considers the burden of symptoms, the presence of fungal balls or mucoceles, previous treatment responses, nasal anatomical features, risks related to the orbit and skull base, and overall health status.