Surgical Atrial Septal Defect Repair

Surgical repair can be considered when the defect is large, the edges are insufficient, multiple, or combined with other congenital heart malformations, and needs to be treated under direct vision. The decision is based on defect anatomy, right heart load, pulmonary vascular resistance, previous treatment response, and overall health, and a comprehensive assessment of whether related malformations need to be corrected at the same time.