Bronchial Artery Embolization

Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) can be considered after evaluation for recurrent non-massive hemoptysis that affects life despite medication and airway clearance, or if there is a risk of rebleeding. The decision focuses on whether the source of bleeding can be located, the control of underlying diseases, coagulation and kidney function (involving contrast agents), previous treatment responses, and whether interventional access and perioperative management conditions are available.