Thoracoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS)

Thoracoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS) is mostly used for severe or very severe emphysema, with imaging showing relatively concentrated lesion distribution and significant hyperinflation, and dyspnea still present after standard treatment. Suitability depends on lung function, nutrition and cardiopulmonary reserve, imaging distribution, previous treatment response, and anesthesia and surgical tolerance, and is decided after multidisciplinary comprehensive evaluation.