Transurethral Resection/Reconstruction of Ejaculatory Ducts (TURED)

This procedure may be considered when ejaculatory duct obstruction is diagnosed or highly suspected, manifested as oligospermia/azoospermia, low semen volume, or persistent hemospermia, and medication and observation are difficult to relieve. The decision is based on semen analysis, transrectal ultrasound or MRI and other imaging, history of previous infections and surgeries, and overall anesthesia risk. Whether to incise or form is evaluated by a urologist.