Laparoscopic Nephropexy (Kidney Suspension/Nephropexy)

Nephropexy may be considered when position-related lower back and abdominal pain, recurrent urinary tract symptoms, or imaging suggests significant downward displacement of the kidney affecting quality of life. The decision is based on the severity of symptoms, dynamic imaging evidence, kidney function, general condition, and suitability for a laparoscopic approach. Specialist assessment is recommended if conservative treatment is ineffective or accompanied by obstruction or dilation.