Percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty (BPV)

Percutaneous balloon therapy can be considered for moderate to severe valvular pulmonary stenosis accompanied by dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance, increased right ventricular load, or elevated transvalvular pressure gradient. The decision depends on the pressure gradient measured by ultrasound/catheterization, valve morphology (whether it is dysplastic), whether it is combined with regurgitation or other congenital heart defects, right ventricular function, and overall surgical risk, and is determined by a comprehensive specialist assessment.